Fiat 126
703 cm ³, 18.5 kW (25,2km)
– 645kg (126p BIS)
+110 55/480 l (126 Bus-przedni + tylny)
Fiat 126 (centoventisei) – a car designed FIAT plants produced in Italy in 1972-1980, and in Poland from 6 June 1973 to 22 September 2000 (Polish Fiat 126p). Polish license version was produced by The Car Factory "Polmo" Bielsko-Biala Bielsko-Biala and Tychy. Its predecessor was the Fiat 500, the successor to Fiat Cinquecento.
For many years he was one of the most common cars on Polish roads, lived to a great many colloquial names and customary, of which the most popular – Toddler, stood at the end of production of this model (1997), its official name.
A total of 4 671 586 pieces of the Fiat 126, which in Italy was established on 1 352 912 units. In Poland, produced a total of 3 318 674 pieces of Fiats 126, of which in Bielsko-Biala – 1 152 325, and in Tychy – 2 166 349. In Austria, 2,069 pieces Italy’s Fiat has been enriched by, among others, powerful boxer engine by Steyr, and heater.
Official production in Poland was launched June 6, 1973, in factories in Bielsko-Biala. In September 1975, began assembling in Tychy. The first vehicle modernization occurred in 1977, increased engine capacity to 652cc, in the intake air resonator is used, the DC generator was replaced by the alternator. The most visible change was the elimination of stress cracks on the bonnet, which improved cooling and somewhat muted engine. Modifications made it possible to increase capacity to 17.7 kW. Change also lived to see the braking system was expanded to a diameter of 185 mm drums, and changed the pitch wheel bolts from 4×90 to 4×98.
In 1974-75 Austrian company Steyr-Daimler-Puch in Graz produced their own version of the Fiat 126, called the Fiat-Steyr 126 Steyr-Puch or 126, where cars come with no engine and no kóÅ‚.Montowany was a very, twin-cylinder boxer engine, parameters and performance better than the Fiat 126 was 600 Displacement 643 cm ³ power 25hp at 4800 rpm./min., max torque 41 Nm at 3000 rpm./min., the compression ratio 7.8. This engine provided a significantly better performance than 126p 600, because up to 80km/h gave the up to approximately 18.5 secondsinstead of 21.5 sec, up to 100km/h in just 37 s instead of 54 s Maximum speed is also increased to approximately 115km/h (126p – 105km/h). The burning was higher by about half a liter per 100km. The car was equipped with a standard independent heating stations which have an impact on higher prices by about 23%.
Polish Fiat 126p was produced in four versions: Standard (600/650/650E), Special (600S/650S/650ES), Comfort (600K/650K/650EK) and version for the disabled (600I/650I/650EI). In parallel with the engine capacity of 650cc produced 600 cm ³. In the years 1978-1982 range of complementary versions of Lux (600L/650L) – encountered extremely rarely and at a revised trim (part of the fabric), hinged rear side windows, wide side rails and buffers "P-4" Red (maroon) and Brown (Brown) with glued strips around the body with the name of the version, as well as export versions Bambino (with the special feature in the form of lens rear light clusters with reversing lights) and Personal 4
From November 1982 produced a more economical version of the 650 engine: it features a new type of carburetor, air resonator and three-chamber silencer for reduced flow resistance. This first package of changes was limited consumption by 7%. In June of 1983 years there have been further improvements to the engine; used the head of a new combustion chamber (compression ratio increased to 8:1), new camshaft, slightly modified engine block, and camera ignition. Cars with these changes is labeled 650E. The head of a new type labeled "650E" and hull the symbol "E" According to the manufacturer Engine type 650E marked 126 A1.076/E (engine number preceded by the letters FSM)
On the Polish market hit a small number of vehicles with engine 650 version for the Chinese market, adapted to gasoline with an octane number LO78, power of 22hp at 4700 rev./Min., Torque of 38 Nm at 3000 rpm./Min., Compression ratio reduced to 7:1. The maximum speed has dropped to 102km/h, the fuel consumption increased by about 1 liter.
In April 1985 there was a facelift of the body, it resulted from the need to adapt the car to European standards approval. Inside the vehicle changes were clearly visible – Changed the appearance of a set of indicators and placing air flow, space for radio and switches lights and other equipment (the richest trim came elektrowentylator and was folding backrest). Used new bumpers (wider than previously used P-4) and side moldings (more flat than before). Some items feature a starter solenoid actuated switch key.
In 1985, discontinued zderzakÄ‚Å‚w assembly of steel (installed from Starter… early production, now affectionately called "link, yĹĽwami"), and in 1988 completed "czono ultimately production of ™ Standard Edition (with older style set of indicators) and standardized fenders rear of version… 126BIS (holding… ca… more ™ larger air inlets).
Another larger modernization took place in September 1994, the changes were subjected to body and electrical system. The car uses an electronic ignition system Nanoplex. Increased vehicle reliability and decreased consumption. The modernized car was named 126 el-enriched equipment 126 El SX.
Another series of changes took place in late 1996. The main difference was the use of a catalyst. The model 126 elx uses a new type of carburetor FOS 28 S1A1/300. In January 1999, introduced headrests for rear seat passengers.
September 22, 2000, after 27 years of production, the assembly of "Toddler", in Poland, there were 3 318 674 copies of the model.
The data in Table does not exclude ™ regard to… the Fiat 126 Bis produced in the years 1987 to 1991 in Tychy.
According to other data prepared in 2000 12 411 pieces. In the years 1973-2000 produced 3 318 674 copies.
The new version of the Fiat 126 was introduced in autumn 1987 in the Frankfurt Motor Show (working name: "Fiat 126p restyling"). The design has been about eight hundred changes, it included almost all of the components and their development was largely the work of Poles.
The car with the addition of a third door was characterized by body type hatchback, it has kept the dimensions of the original. The third door mounted glass of greater height improves visibility to the rear. Rear luggage capacity of 110 dm ³, after removing the rear shelf and folding the bench increased to 480 dm ³. Under the front hood is mounted heater incorporated in the engine coolant circuit. Significant changes were made in the engine. Body, head and sump are made using light metal alloys. The diameter of the piston is increased to 80 mm. As a result of increased displacement volume – up to 703 cm ³. With the modifications increased the compression ratio to 8.6. Also changed the size and shape of the cams of the camshaft and the intake valves. The power supply system uses a new, twin passage type carburetor. The lubrication system, a new oil pump gears with internal teeth. Thanks to all modifications to the engine maximum power reached 18.5 kW/25, 2hp at 4500 rev./Min and a maximum torque of 47 Nm at 2000 rpm./Min. These changes were also clutch disc, in addition to reduced axle ratio. The car was assembled bigger wheels and rack and pinion steering gear with self-adjusting backlash. Fiat 126 Bis could accelerate to 110km/h, consuming an average of 5.5 liters of gasoline per 100km. According to the manufacturer controls the average fuel consumption when driving economic ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 l/100km, at a speed of 70km/h 3.8 to 4.2 l/100km and at 90km/h 4.2 to 4.8 l/100km. The vehicle’s engine was placed in the supine position and, despite relatively easy liquid cooling overheated due to errors structural layout cooling.
Car Fiat 126 Bis was produced by the plant in Tychy FSM in 1987-1991, for the launch of production of the Cinquecento, and shifting production two-door version.
Wyprodukowano 190 361 sztuk Fiatów 126 Bus. W kolejnych latach byÅ‚o rate : 1987 – 24 198, 1988 – 60 416 1989 – 58 157 1990 – 35 605, 1991 – 11 985 sztuk.
For the production does not enter or pick-up, or a combo, or the more "toddler" with front-wheel drive. In the nearly 30-year history of the Research and Development Centre in Bielsko Car was a lot of interesting ideas, but most of them did not go beyond the prototype phase.
At the start of series production Toddler work began on derivative versions of the car. The co-operation with the Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts, where under the guidance doc. Cezary Nawrot projects developed solid commercial vehicle, car elongated and station wagon. Be the first to realize was directed van. Has changed the rear part of the vehicle. Cargo space covered with a rigid superstructure is made of resin polyester reinforced with fiberglass. Its cylindrical shape meant that he received the name "Bombel". Construction of a prototype began and was completed in 1974. Although placed in the rear powertrain achieved a maximum load volume of 1 m³. It had two levels: the upper flat surface available through the back door and bottom, which formed a cavity behind the front seats. Between the roof and the upper level was stretched mesh protect the driver and passenger from possible displacement of the load. There was the ability to easily mount the rear seat of PF 126p after the removal of the mesh shelves and upper level. Payload "Bombla" was 300kg. Also performed version of this vehicle with additional side windows. Bomble were used by the sports department of the FSM as service cars during races and rallies. It was established about 16 prototype models.
In 1976, work began on the car PF 126p Kombi under the direction of engineer Leopold Kuhn. It was decided at the wide range of changes – mainly in the bodywork and engine. Wheelbase was increased by 10 cm, and the overhang of 7 cm, which gave more space for rear seat passengers and extra luggage space. A new version of the engine with horizontal arrangement of cylinders, which allowed the reduction of the main engine compartment lid and increase luggage space. Engine displacement increased to 652cc have a new crankcase adapted to the horizontal arrangement of cylinders. Changed most of the teams engine accessories such as the carburetor, fuel pump, air filter, oil pump, blower, cooling system and engine ignition and muffler. Was expanded compression ratio. The new engine developed maximum output of 18.4 kW at 4500 rev./Min. Also changed characteristics of the suspension of the rear wheels. Body of aesthetic silhouette is equipped with lifted up rear door. The volume of cargo space behind the rear backrest is 500 dm ³, and when folded rear seats increased to 1,000 dm ³. Extension of the vehicle resulted in an increase in curb weight to 630kg. Load limit this version of "toddler" ‘amounted to 4 people, and 80kg of luggage. The adverse effect of the increased weight of the vehicle on its dynamics was offset by an increase in engine power. Maximum speed Combi model was 105km/h The prototype of this vehicle was built in 1977.
In 1975, the Italian designers have designed the model 126 combi version, after two years of production of the basic tests it was decided to introduce the production of a longer version called the "Giardiniera". It was to be a continuation of the plan implemented by Fiat Fiat 500 Giardiniera model, or a combo, presented for the first time in 1968, also sold under the brand Autobianchi. In the case of model 126 Combi decided to use synchronization all the gears, but expected to leave the engine with a capacity of 600cc and a power of 23hp. For production there has been due to the introduction of Fiat model to offer 128 Combi. Pictures of Fiat 126 Giardiniera you can see in the magazine Quattroruote, but there is visible early model, equipped with wheels and brakes of the old type. Subsequent photographs were taken in 1980, and the car comes with them is already visible in the modernized system brake.
In 1975, the OBR SM performed under the direction of MA. Eng. Wieslaw windmill prototype elongated toddler named "Long" (called long). Increased wheelbase and vehicle length of 100 mm. This change resulted in increased space for rear passengers, and also decreased the tendency to so-called. gallop car. Enlarged interior encouraged to make greater use of the vehicle with a full load applied to the engine with increased power and strengthened suspension of the rear wheels. The engine displacement of 594 cm ³ power reached 19 kW at 4600 rev./Min, ie, about 2 kW more than the base model. Increased compression ratio was increased diameter intake valves and changed the valve timing and adjusting the carburetor. Kerb weight of the car "Long" has increased to 610kg, yet dynamic properties improved. Maximum speed was 110km/h
"Sniff" the disproportionate elongated mask. Placing the powertrain at the rear of the car Polish Fiat 126p limited functionality of the vehicle and hindering the construction of derived versions. It was therefore decided in OBR SM develop a car with front-wheel drive, assuming maximum use of previously produced components of the model. Work on the car began in May 1977. Theme was The lecturer MSc. Zdzislaw Poździak. Moving to the front of the drive system made it necessary to extend the front of the vehicle. The co-operation of the Krakow Academy of Fine Arts, where under the direction of dr. Eng. George Ginalski projects developed solid car. Above the body structure and chassis engineers worked Bogdan Dodsworth, Richard Wegrzyn, Richard Åšmiertka, Zbigniew Michniowski and LesÅ‚aw Dudek and Joseph Smith. Adaptation of powertrain type 126 to new car with front-wheel drive led MSc. George Winogrodzki. In December 1978, completed construction of the first unit of the car PF 126p-650 NP. The engine was placed longitudinally in front of the axis of the front wheels. With the compression ratio 7,6:1 reached on power 19.1 kW at 4800 rpm./Min. The cooling system uses a new axial blower. Reversing drive unit, necessary due to the reversal of 180 °, obtained by placing the crown wheel pinion on the other hand main gear. The driveshafts feature Synchronizing type joints Bierfielda – Rzeppa. The front wheels were independently suspended on MacPherson-type column switches cooperating with the lower transverse wishbones and coil springs jednoramiennymi. The rear suspension was changed only the characteristics of the springs and shock absorbers telescopic., A new rack and pinion the steering and disc brakes at the front wheels. The first prototype was a two-door body with the revised part of the front. The elongated bonnet was hung at the rear edge. In the back of the luggage space was created with a volume of about 200 dm ³. Made a prototype vehicle marked 126-650NP-C of the three-door body and folding rear bench, which further increased usability of the model. With a wheelbase of 1,960 mm enlarged to a car length was 3290 mm. Curb weight increased to 630kg, while the 3-door up to 650kg. Performance Car Polish Fiat 126-650NP were similar to the performance serial "little ones". Later on this subject took the lead engineer. L. Kuhn. In the years 1979-1981 was built a few more cars of this type with different versions of the engine, revised gear ratios in the gearbox and main gear and different variants of the suspension of the rear wheels. The latest version of this car was revised styling of the rear. Raised roof line, using a wide rear doors and new light clusters horizontally.
Abbreviation LPT meant "Light Vehicle SUV." This variety Toddler created for military use. In the years 1979-1981 a few copies were tested in 16 Pomorski Battalion Powietrznodesantowym in Krakow. Made only a few dozen pieces. The prototype was built in Koszalin and was sold in 1992 to Dretynka near Miastko in the province. Pomeranian. This vehicle has an electric lock on the middle and rear axle. Version "Amphibious" was equipped with a screw for swimming. Drive the screw can be connected only through the central axis. Body was made of fiberglass. In oplandekowanym roof windows were plexiglass. This model had three wipers. Central axis does not have its own suspension. Through this vehicle is able to hang on the central axis. For the transfer of power between the axles answered chain. The vehicle was equipped with two gearboxes, first as the original. The second one reversed, fueled two axes and through the reduction of vehicle overcame a steep hill. Handbrake only inhibited the central axis. LPT was a seven-seater – a driver plus two cross bench after three seats each.
In the years 1979-1980 at the Department of Transport Energy in Radom constructed "WszÄ™doÅ‚aza" – a thorough alteration of Fiat 126p with caterpillar drive and the ability to swim.
The closest realization idea was inserted into the toddler diesel engine. In this case, as has already been carried technological analysis. The idea was born in the early ’80s – the era of rationing gasoline in Poland. The game consisted of two engines, industrial Japanese company Kubota liquid-cooled, three – with a capacity of 600cc and a power of 18hp four-cylinder. Finally the unit more. With a capacity of 800 cm ³ It achieves power 24hp and a torque of 47 Nm. Her car became not only more dynamic, but also more comfortable because of the smaller engine vibration. In spite of progress there has been no mass production, as the Japanese yen began to rapidly run high, and the whole enterprise has ceased to be economical sense.
The youngest prototype (which, soon after the establishment passed into history and became a museum exhibit) is el Fiat 126 Cabriolet. OBR has previously operated a car without a roof-based version of FL, produced from 1990 to 1994, admitted in 1992, produced 507 pieces, so when Fiat began production of the el, prepared a new convertible. In the European Union, however, began to apply more stringent noise standards, which the car could not already fulfilled.
It is Labeller who painted stripes on the road. To adjust the Fiat 126p to this function, cut out whole at the height of the bottom edge and front fascia with a mask. After the completion of the formation of the body was equipped PENGUIN in the paint container, a compressor and spray guns. It was established about 20 PENGUINS.
One of the more popular ways of modernization is the use of Fiat 126p as a snow plow property or street, or snow removal from sidewalks. Because of the small size, combustion and relatively low price vehicles of this type are abused by individuals, caretakers. According to. one of the caretakers manually snow clearing of sidewalks in heavy takes an average of 4 to 5 hours, and the use of Fiat 126p with specially mounted plow, time snow removal reduced to 30 minutes .
In Poland, called Maluch or small Fiat, in contrast to Fiat 125p, called a Fiat.
In the years 1975-1992 were exported 897 316 Polish Fiats 126p. In communist times was also sold in the country for hard currency or vouchers Bank Pekao, within the framework of the so-called. domestic exports.
Polish Fiat 126p was exported, among others, Italy, Yugoslavia, Germany, Hungary, France, China, Britain, Czechoslovakia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Greece, Austria, Denmark, Chile, New Zealand, Australia, Egypt and Cyprus and Cuba.
Characteristics:
• • New 500 500C Bravo II/III Duchy Rhythm • • • Ideas • Grande Punto Panda Punto Classic II • • • Punto Evo Scudo II • Sixteen
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126p/Maluch • 126 • Fiat 500 Cabrio (2007) • 600 • • Cinquecento Ford Case II • • Palio Palio Weekend Panda II • • • Siena • Seicento Uno/Innocenti Mille
Bravo Brava • • • II Ducato Marea/Marea Weekend • • Step I Step II
1 • 1 • 2 • Fiacre • 1T 2B (15-20 HP) • 3 • 3 • 4 ½ HP HP HP • 5 • 6 • 8 HP 8V • Cutting • 10 HP • 10-12 • 12 HP • 124 • 125 • 126 • 127 • 128 • 130 • 131 • 133 • 147/Spazio 132/Argenta • • • 16 HP 16-24 HP 24-32 HP • • 25 • 500 • 501 • 502 • 35-45 HP • 503 • 505 • 507 • 508 • 509 • 510 • • 508C 510S • 512 • 514 • 515 • 518 • 519 • 520 • 521 • 522 • 524 • 525 • 527 • 529 • 574 Corsa • 60 HP • 70 • 600 • 612 • 750 • 770 • 850 • Abarth Berlina 1100 • 1200 • 1400 • 1300/1500 • 1500 (1935) • 1800/2100 • 1900 • 2300 • 2800 • Barchetta Bianchina • • • Bravo Brava • Bervetti Campagnola • • • Cutting • Cinquecento Croma Croma II I • • • Dino Duna/Premio Elba • • • Mod 5 Marea Fiat Multipla Oggi • • • Moretti Sportiva Panda Punto • I • I • Panorama • Regata Ritmo/Strada • Seicento/600 • Stilo • Super Tempra • • Europe • Type Topolino • Twelve Saloon Ulysse • ​​• • One X1/9 • Zero (12-15 HP)
HP 24 • 238 • 241 • 242 • 314 • 418 • 421 • 612 • 370.12.26 • 618 • 621 • 672 • • 666RN 672F F101/Tallero-Milano • 672 • 900 • 2401 • 2411 Cansa Cansa • 2411/1 Cansa • 2472 Viberti CGE • Daily • Talento
29 • • CV L6/40 L3/33 L3/35 • • • 611 • 3000 • M11/39 M13/40 M14/41 • • • M15/42 P26/40
Fiat 727 Fiat Dovunque • 41 • 42 • Fiat Fiat Model Model AS 37
126p/Maluch 125p • • • 508 126 Cabrio Lasik Mazur • 518 • 612 • 618 • 621 • Austro-Fiat Lada • • • NSU-Fiat Premier pocket • 500 • • SEAT Simca Fiat-TofaÅŸ • • Zastava
Abarth 131 Rally • Turbina
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