• Fiat Cinquecento

Fiat Cinquecento (Cinquecento in Italian: "five") – city car produced in Polish Fiat factory in Tychy, from June 1991 to September 1998. It was the first car of Fiat, whose production took place only in the Polish factory in Tychy. Was introduced as a successor to the 126 Body has been designed by Centro Stile Fiat, the project manager was Ermanno Cressoni. Production and assembly of Fiat Cinquecento was completed in 1998, and was succeeded by model Seicento. The name referred to the model 500 from the 50s of the twentieth century.

Cinquecento was available only as a 3-door hatchback body angular twin-volume. Coefficient of drag body was 0.33. Compared to earlier models of Fiat in this segment, the vehicle is equipped with several new solutions: independent front suspension with McPherson and rear suspension with wishbones with coil springs similar to that used in the Fiat Tipo, disc brakes on the front axle, reinforced bars body side and crumple zones and galvanized body. Driving was done by rack and pinion steering system, although it was not available even as an option power steering. The car can be optionally retrofitted in m.in: central locking, immobilizer, alarm, electric windows, sunroof (or even a removable canvas roof in the Soleil version) and air-conditioning system.

In the 80s of the twentieth century, the smallest car offered by FIAT concern was the model 126, which began production in 1972, and the concept vehicle reached the 50s and came from the design of the Fiat 500 model 126 differ in terms of the solutions of contemporary standards, therefore started work on its successor codenamed X1/79. New auto fundamentally different from its predecessor. It had a modern 3-door hatchback body type and on the front of the engine cooled. In 1985, he developed prototypes called Topolino, which were similar to the serial model. In Poland in the second half of the 70th started negotiations with Fiat, which involved the purchase of a new license model, having gradually replace the aging "Toddler". The agreement was signed on 18 June 1979 and the anticipated start of the assembly, and then the production of the Fiat Panda in the FSM. Unstable political and economic situation in Poland in the early 80s, this agreement has been suspended for three years. After this period, a return to the talks with Fiat and started work on the Beskid 106, which would be put into production in the event of the failure of talks with the Italian conglomerate. Finally, an agreement providing for the start of production of the new model in the FSM contained X1/79 9 September 1987. According to the plans of the Polish side in addition to the Cinquecento produced had to be well Polish car with a design derived from the Italian car. In 1988, he made a model of Beskid 1760 with a length of 3.48 m in December 1988 by through the Minister of Industry Mieczyslaw Wilczek, the idea of ​​a connection FSM and FSO and its production in both plants. Built the mock another derivative of cars unified with the structure Cinquecento – 3-door hatchback codenamed Beskid 1702 and 5-door Beskid 1703, which was be produced by FSO. He later built a prototype racer in 1703, however, the 4-door body.

Fiat Cinquecento was originally produced by The Car Factory in Tychy licensed under Italy’s Fiat. It was first presented on Dec. 9, 1991, in Rome, while the prime minister in Poland took place a week later in Warsaw at the Victoria. However, production started already in June 1991. Cinquecento was the successor to Fiat 126p assumptions. His entry into the market, however, only resulted in discontinuation production of the Fiat 126 Bis, stopping the production of Fiat 126p in Tychy, leaving her only in Bielsko-Biala. Both models were produced at the same time. It must have the effect of limiting the level of production of the latter model to 60-70 thousand. units per year, because that was the maximum production capacity of the plant in Bielsko-Biala.

May 28, 1992, there was a conclusion of an agreement between the State Treasury of Poland, The Car Factory SA (FSM) and Fiat Auto SpA for the establishment of the three Italian-Polish joint stock companies, including Fiat Auto Poland. Since then, the name has been the model was changed from FSM Cinquecento Fiat Cinquecento on. This model (in Poland, initially under the name FSM), its name owed model Fiat 500 from 1957.

From April 1993 the car can be retrofitted in the air conditioning system (only 900 engine), to the list of accessories also introduced split rear seats, electric windows and central locking. In May of the same year, slightly reduced the volume of a cylinder 900 (from 903 to 899 cm ³). In December 1993 carried out minor facelift, the changes included mainly the interior of the car, the most visible was to refresh the appearance of a set of indicators. In 1993, the Cinquecento model took second place in the European Car of the Year 1993. Until the end of 1993 Cinquecento was sold in Poland under the brand FSM. In October 1994, was introduced to offer version Sporting in 1100.

In February 1995, the factory produced Cinquecento left with the number 500 000 1 July 1995 due to non-compliance of emission standards already ceased production of varieties without catalytic converter. In the summer of the same year conducted a gentle facelift. Since then, there were five available trim ED, S, Suite SX and Sporting. SX variant was characterized by, among others, bumpers painted in body color, electrically operated door windows front, central locking and a sunroof.

For the year 1996 was introduced as an optional pyrotechnic belt tensioners and airbags for the driver. In May of the same year introduced impoverished version of the Young and the variant Soleil electrically moveable canvas roof. In September, was introduced in place of the Cinquecento 899 S model 899 Happy. In January 1997, withdrawn from the production version of the 700 ED. In mid-July 1997 left the factory millionth Cinquecento. In May 1997, during the Barcelona Motor Show Show presented version of the Cinquecento Van destined for Polish and Spanish. In March 1998, discontinued versions of the 900 and 1100, and September of the same year produced only 700 variant to the domestic market, then also completed production of the Cinquecento. Until that time was established on 1 102 684 units of the Cinquecento.

The recall was performed three times: in November 1997 – concerned the possible failure of the brake booster, in February 1998 – defect in the steering column and after the end of production in October 1999 – corroded fuel tank.

Fiat Cinquecento in contrast to the model 126 was a front-wheel drive vehicle. The engine was mounted on the front axle longitudinally (704) or transverse (larger units). It made Cinquecento was one of the few vehicles available simultaneously in two different configurations, engine assembly relative to the axis of the vehicle. To drive used only gasoline engines.

The smallest drive unit, mounted intended for the Polish market, the R2 170A.000 OHV engine with a capacity of 704 cm ³ taken out of the car Fiat 126 BIS. It featured body and head made of aluminum and cast iron crankshaft with counterweights propped on two main bearings. Timing was supported by a chain. It generates maximum power of 31hp or 30hp (version with catalyst). By bike could drive the front wheel drive Cinquecento, was subjected to several modifications, the most significant was the reversal of the direction of crankshaft rotation around its axis. It was placed horizontally in the supine position. This unit combined only with a 4-speed gearbox. Maximum speed was about 127km/h, average fuel consumption per 100km and approximately 6 l. For the supply of motor fuel responded FOS or mechanical carburetor Weber (Version 31hp) or electronic Aisan carburetor (30hp). The weaker version was also equipped with a catalytic converter, and was offered from October 1992 years. ED designation used when the engine is short for Economy Drive. The engine and transmission were produced in a factory in Bielsko-Biala.

Stronger alternative was 170A1.000 R4 unit with a capacity of OHV 903cc and a maximum power 39-41hp. The motor can be powered through the carburetor Weber (only the domestic market, from October 1991 ) or single-point fuel injection, it was a basic source of power for the car in most markets. Version injection well was equipped with a catalytic converter.

In order to better fit the insurance tariffs and taxes in May 1993 began to mount the engine with a capacity of 899 cm ³. Reducing the displacement was achieved by shortening the stroke slightly (from 67 to 66.7 mm). This is achieved by the use of the shaft korbowwego a slightly smaller radius of the crank, the rest of the components remains the same. Initially, these engines came from the Italian and Yugoslav factories since 1995 were produced in Poland.

Engines were 900 units of type R4 rozrzÄ…dzie OHV driven by a chain. Were placed in a vertical position above the front axle, transversely to the main axis of the vehicle. Motor characterized by the iron hull and a head made of aluminum alloy. Timing system was equipped with hydraulic tappets automatically resetting valve clearance, adjustment takes place automatically during engine operation. The engine was an older structure, characterized by a cast-iron crankshaft propped on three main bearings, it was characterized by high reliability and compact.

In October 1994 version of the Cinquecento Sporting been equipped with engine R4 1108 cm ³ SOHC FIRE maximum power of 54hp (40 kW) at 5500 rev./Min. derived from a Fiat Punto 55 interlocked with the gearbox with short gear ratios. In addition, the vehicle stood out lowered by 20 mm and stiffened suspension, anti-roll bar in the front suspension, 13-inch alloy wheels with wider tires and painted in body color bumpers and door mirrors. Inside the applied sports seats, red seat belts and leather steering wheel and gearbox jack bellows. In addition to the instrument cluster tachometer added. The vehicle was available in five exterior colors: red, yellow, blue, black and silver.

The engine was mounted transversely to the main axis of the vehicle on the front axle. It uses a cast iron body and head cast aluminum alloy. Timing was driven via a toothed belt and a roller located in the head (OHC). Cast iron crankshaft is supported in five main bearings.

Sporting version became the basis for the design version of the rally and the A-Block Kit-Tsars.

In the years 1992 – 1996 FIAT Cinquecento model produced a variety of electric motor, called Elettra. The car was equipped with an electric motor current up to 9.2 kW/12, 5hp at 2500 rev/min, torque was 35 Nm. The vehicle was available in two variants, with batteries with lead or nickel-cadmium. Revision lead-gel batteries had unladen weight 1110kg and range in the city to 70km outside the city to 100km at average speed of 50km/h, the battery life was 600 charge cycles. The second option would provide a 3-fold greater durability, curb weight was 1020kg, and the range increased to 100km in the city and 150km outside of it. Cinquecento Elettra used two sets of batteries, one under the hood and the other under the rear seat – in place of the fuel tank. The vehicle could travel two people. It was established more than 100 copies of the electrical version of the Cinquecento.

Abarth version was based on a model Cinquecento Sporting. To drive uses the same engine, the changes included only the appearance of the vehicle. Used front and rear bumpers with dokÅ‚adkami, side skirts, rear spoiler with integrated third brake light and front fog lamps. The standard equipment were: audio system, immobilizer, central locking, electric windows, 5-spoke Speedline wheels with a diameter of 13 inch alloy wheels and a sporty interior design. For a surcharge car can be retrofitted in the driver’s airbag, seatbelt pre-tensioners and glass roof. Maximum speed was 150km/h, as in the version Sporting. Price in the UK at the beginning of 1997 was about 7,000 pounds.

The Italian company Automobili Giannini offered a package of lifting performance and changing the appearance of the model Cinquecento. He wore a name Cinquecento Corsa.

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The vehicle was available in ten exterior colors, four of them are metal coatings.

In view of the exhibition at the London Design Museum in 1993, Fiat introduced the eight Italian companies active in the design body proposal to present their own interpretation Cinquecento model. The company Zagato created a bicycle carrier, the right side of the vehicle was designed to carry a bicycle. Concept by I.DE.A characterized by an ergonomic interior with space for three passengers. Bertone presented the prototype RUSH with an open body, BONESCHI small taxi pickup Pininfarina, Coggiola small coupé (Fionda), ITCA small cabriolet. Finally, the show hit three vehicles, Bertone, Zagato I.DE.A and.

In 1992, shortly after the start of series production Cinquecento, at the auto show in Turin are a few prototypes based on the new Fiat vehicle. Fionda mechanically Cinquecento was based entirely on the Cinquecento, shared with him the entire floor plate. A new futuristic body was designed by Sergio Coggiola. The project was never implemented.

Another concept presented at the Turin Motor Show was based on the floorpan and mechanisms known from serial Cinquecento Cinquecento RUSH vehicle. The car was characterized by an open body modeled on the buggy type vehicles designed by stylists Bertone. Inside, two people could travel. The vehicle did not hit the mass production.

In 1993, he presented the vehicle based on the floorpan and mechanisms of Fiat Cinquecento with bodywork designed by Italdesign studio, wearing a name Lucciola. Characterized by a strongly rounded body type sedan with a retractable roof. Lucciola was a hybrid vehicle, diesel engine Lombardini R2 structure with a displacement of 0.5 l maximum power of 7.5hp (5.5 kW) was aided by two electric motors placed at the the rear wheels with a capacity of 9.5hp (7 kW each). The car was able to accelerate to about 100km/h, range using only the electric drive was 50km. Fiat has taken a series production model, a few years after introducing However, it was purchased by Daewoo and helped in the design of Matiz.

The car was praised for low purchase and operation costs, positively rated the stability of the structure. For disadvantages included poor performance in case of an engine 704 and poor facilities for basic version. The big failure rate compared to the equivalent mechanical characterized by a carburetor electronic Aisan.

Measured maximum speed regardless of version 700 was 126km/h, to 900 – 138km/h, 900 e and 143km/h. Speedometer slightly overestimated the actual speed of the vehicle. In a test conducted by the editors of the magazine "auto motor and sport" for a distance of 50 000km achieved an average fuel consumption of 6.52 liters/100km; a prior version 899. Sporting Abarth version reached the road test conducted by the editors of the magazine Autoitalia Magazine nearly the speed of 170km/h.

Model repeatedly been included in the report TÜV uptime. In 2004, he won: 35th on 67 possible (10 – and 11-year-old), 51 to 70 (8 – and 9-year-old) and 80 to 85 (6 – and 7-year-old). In 2005, peaked at positions: 33 to 59 possible (10 – and 11-year-old), 53 to 70 (8 – and 9-year-old) and 83 to 87 (6 – and 7-year-old). In 2006, these are the places 42 to 59 (10 – and 11-years), 70 of 78 (8 – and 9-year-old), a year later, 39 out of 57 (10 – and 11-years) and 71 to 82 (8 – and 9 years). Recent reports involving the Cinquecento was released in 2008, the vehicle took place on 82 51 possible (10 – and 11-years).

In 1993, Abarth began an annual series of races dedicated model Fiat Cinquecento, it had a name Fiat Cinquecento Trophy. In 1993, the Monte Carlo Rally Fiat introduced the Cinquecento Trofeo version. Structurally the vehicle based on the standard Cinquecento 900, changes included m.in: suspension system mounted inside the safety cage, and front mounted auxiliary lamps. The first versions of the vehicle produced by Fiat Auto Corse achieve maximum power output of about 66hp (49 kW). In subsequent years, the team worked on an enhanced version of the Cinquecento Sporting, which was launched in the European Rally Championship in 1996. Car reached a power of about 90hp (66 kW), applied to the brakes Fiat Uno Turbo. In January 1997, 14 vehicles of Group A took part in the Rally Monte Carlo. In 1100 the engine was possible to obtain more than 160hp (118 kW) at 9500 obr./Min.

Cinquecento production was completed in 1998 (version Sporting and 900 in March, 700 in September), produced a total of 1 102 684 copies (according to other sources 1 107 405 units ), of which over 863,000 were exported. In the same year he was introduced to produce a successor model Seicento. For several months, both vehicles were produced at the same time.

After more than 10 years since the end "connection of production Fiat Cinquecento was one of najchÄ ™ tniej purchased for used cars on the Polish market.

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